- Map-Legend:
- O-X-V
- X-O-V
- V-O-X
- V-X-O
- X-V-O
- O-V-X
- Mixed Data
- No Data
| Language | Question | Subquestion | Color | Parameter | Value | Preference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akan | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Akan | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Amharic | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | P | |
| Amharic | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Amharic | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | S | |
| Ika | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | P | |
| Ika | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Ika | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | S | |
| Bernese German | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Bernese German | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | UP | |
| Bwamu | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | P | |
| Bwamu | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | S | |
| Czech | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | S | |
| Czech | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | P | |
| Czech | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Czech | 6 | a | O-V-X | 0.5 | ||
| Jula | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | ||
| Ninkaré | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Finnish | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Finnish | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Mongolian | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | P | |
| Mongolian | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Linxia Chinese | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | P | |
| Linxia Chinese | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Linxia Chinese | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Huarong Chinese | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Huarong Chinese | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Ancash Quechua | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | P | |
| Hungarian | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Hungarian | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | UP | |
| Indonesian | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Italian | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Italian | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | UP | |
| Jejueo | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | ||
| Kangle Chinese | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | ||
| Kazakh | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | P | |
| Kazakh | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Standard Mandarin | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | UP | |
| Standard Mandarin | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Standard Mandarin | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Marathi | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | ||
| Mopan Maya | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Mooré | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Kurux | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | S | |
| Kurux | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Kurux | 6 | a | V-O-X | 0.5 | ||
| Kurux | 6 | a | V-X-O | 0.5 | ||
| Kurux | 6 | a | X-V-O | 0.5 | ||
| Kurux | 6 | a | O-V-X | 0.5 | ||
| Nepali | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | S | |
| Nepali | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Newari | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | S | |
| Newari | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Turkish | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Turkish | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | S | |
| Kannada | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | ||
| Polish | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Polish | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Cochabamba Quechua | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | S | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | S | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | S | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 6 | a | X-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | S | |
| English | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Standard German | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | UP | |
| Standard German | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Standard German | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | UP | |
| Standard German | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | UP | |
| Thai | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | ||
| Tunen | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Tunen | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | S | |
| Tunen | 6 | a | O-V-X | 1 | P | |
| Upper Sorbian | 6 | a | O-X-V | 0.5 | ||
| Upper Sorbian | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | S | |
| Upper Sorbian | 6 | a | V-X-O | 1 | P | |
| Upper Sorbian | 6 | a | O-V-X | 0.5 | ||
| Vietnamese | 6 | a | V-O-X | 1 | NA | |
| Vietnamese | 6 | a | V-X-O | 0.5 | ||
| Oromo | 6 | a | O-X-V | 1 | P | |
| Oromo | 6 | a | X-O-V | 1 | S |
(6) What is the position of obliques (X) with respect to O and V in transitive clauses in a wide focus context?
Alternatives to be checked: O-X-V / X-O-V / V-O-X / V-X-O / X-V-O / O-V-X
a) Instruments (with a brush, with a pencil)
Prompt: What's new? / What has happened?
*Mary a portrait [with a brush] painted. (O-X-V)
*Mary [with a brush] a portrait painted. (X-O-V)
Mary painted a portrait [with a brush]. (V-O-X)
*Mary painted [with a brush] a portrait. (V-X-O)
*Mary [with a brush] painted a portrait. (X-V-O)
*Mary a portrait painted [with a brush]. (O-V-X)
Explanation: Please try to re-use the lexical material of (5) if possible, so that we get minimal pairs. When selecting the oblique, please choose one of the following: adjuncts, adverbial elements, or noun phrases or adpositional phrases marked with adpositions or peripheral case markers that are neither direct nor indirect Os. Please exclude contrastive focus or topic constructions as well as pronominal arguments.
Background: Languages with V-O order usually also show V-O-X order. V-X-O order is unattested and X-V-O order is exceedingly rare (e.g., Mandarin). O-V order shows much more variation: O-X-V / X-O-V / O-V-X.