• Map-Legend (left):
  • passive
  • Mixed Data
  • No Data
  • Map-Legend (right):
  • no_cont_subj
  • no_subj
  • expl_subj
  • other
  • Mixed Data
  • No Data
LanguageQuestionSubquestionColorParameterValuePreference
Amharic25cpassive1
Amharic25cno_cont_subj1
Amharic25cno_subj1
Bernese German25cpassive1
Bernese German25cno_subj1UP
Bernese German25cexpl_subj1UP
Bwamu25cpassive1
Czech25cpassive1UP
Czech25cno_cont_subj1UP
Czech25cno_subj1UP
Jula25cpassive1
Ninkaré25cexpl_subj1
Finnish25cpassive1UP
Finnish25cno_cont_subj1UP
Finnish25cno_subj1UP
Finnish25cother1UP
Gagauz25cpassive1UP
Gagauz25cno_cont_subj1UP
Mongolian25cpassive1UP
Mongolian25cno_subj1UP
Huarong Chinese25cpassive1
Ancash Quechua25cpassive1
Hungarian25cpassive1UP
Hungarian25cno_cont_subj1UP
Hungarian25cno_subj1UP
Indonesian25cpassive1UP
Indonesian25cno_cont_subj1UP
Indonesian25cno_subj1UP
Italian25cpassive1
Jejueo25cpassive1
Kazakh25cpassive1
Standard Mandarin25cpassive1UP
Standard Mandarin25cno_cont_subj1UP
Standard Mandarin25cno_subj1UP
Standard Mandarin25cother1UP
Marathi25cpassive1UP
Marathi25cno_cont_subj1UP
Marathi25cno_subj1UP
Mopan Maya25cpassive1UP
Mopan Maya25cno_cont_subj1UP
Mopan Maya25cno_subj1UP
Turkish25cpassive1
Kannada25cother1
Polish25cpassive1UP
Polish25cno_cont_subj0.5
Polish25cno_subj0.5
Polish25cother1UP
Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian25cpassive1UP
Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian25cno_cont_subj1UP
English25cpassive1
Standard German25cno_cont_subj1UP
Standard German25cexpl_subj1UP
Thai25cpassive1
Upper Sorbian25cpassive1UP
Upper Sorbian25cno_cont_subj1UP
Upper Sorbian25cno_subj1UP
Vietnamese25cpassive1
Oromo25cpassive1UP
Oromo25cno_cont_subj1UP
Oromo25cno_subj1UP

(25) What happens with the subject position if the subject does not appear in its canonical position (displaced subject)?

c) Impersonal passives

Does the language have a passive construction? yes / no

If yes, can passivisation lead to a constellation without a contentful subject? yes / no

If yes, alternatives to be checked: without subject / with an expletive subject / other

German

dass dem Kind geholfen worden ist
that the.DAT child helped been is

'that the child was helped' (without subject)

French

il a été dansé
it has been danced

'There was dancing.' (literally: 'It was danced.') (with an expletive subject)