- Map-Legend:
- A-O-V
- A-V-O
- V-A-O
- O-A-V
- O-V-A
- V-O-A
- Mixed Data
- No Data
| Language | Question | Subquestion | Color | Parameter | Value | Preference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akan | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Akan | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | UP | |
| Amharic | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | ||
| Amharic | 12 | a | O-V-A | 0.5 | ||
| Ika | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Ika | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Ika | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Bernese German | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Bernese German | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Bwamu | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | P | |
| Bwamu | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Czech | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Czech | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | P | |
| Jula | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | ||
| Ninkaré | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Finnish | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Finnish | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 12 | a | V-A-O | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | UP | |
| Gagauz | 12 | a | V-O-A | 1 | UP | |
| Mongolian | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Mongolian | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | P | |
| Linxia Chinese | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Huarong Chinese | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Ancash Quechua | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | P | |
| Ancash Quechua | 12 | a | V-A-O | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | S | |
| Ancash Quechua | 12 | a | V-O-A | 1 | S | |
| Hungarian | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Hungarian | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | UP | |
| Indonesian | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Italian | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Italian | 12 | a | V-A-O | 1 | UP | |
| Italian | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | UP | |
| Italian | 12 | a | V-O-A | 1 | UP | |
| Jejueo | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | ||
| Kangle Chinese | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Kazakh | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Kazakh | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Kazakh | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | UP | |
| Standard Mandarin | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Marathi | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Marathi | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | P | |
| Marathi | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Mopan Maya | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | P | |
| Mopan Maya | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Mooré | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Kurux | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Kurux | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Kurux | 12 | a | V-A-O | 1 | S | |
| Kurux | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | S | |
| Nepali | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Nepali | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Newari | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Newari | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Turkish | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Turkish | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | P | |
| Turkish | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Kannada | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Kannada | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | UP | |
| Kannada | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | UP | |
| Polish | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Polish | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | UP | |
| Polish | 12 | a | V-O-A | 0.5 | ||
| Slovene | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 12 | a | V-A-O | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | UP | |
| Slovene | 12 | a | V-O-A | 0.5 | ||
| Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian | 12 | a | A-O-V | 0.5 | ||
| Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Cochabamba Quechua | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | P | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | S | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 12 | a | O-A-V | 1 | S | |
| Cochabamba Quechua | 12 | a | O-V-A | 1 | S | |
| English | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Standard German | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | UP | |
| Standard German | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | UP | |
| Thai | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | ||
| Upper Sorbian | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 | S | |
| Upper Sorbian | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | P | |
| Vietnamese | 12 | a | A-V-O | 1 | NA | |
| Oromo | 12 | a | A-O-V | 1 |
(12) Is there word order variation in which the O precedes the A in transitive clauses that are marked for information structure?
Alternatives to be checked: A-O-V / A-V-O / V-A-O vs. O-A-V / O-V-A / V-O-A
a) questioned A
Prompt: Who bought a new car?
My father bought a new car. (A-V-O)
*A new car my father bought. (O-A-V)
*A new car bought my father. (O-V-A)
*Bought a new car my father. (V-O-A)
Explanation: Please check whether an O can precede an A argument that is marked as topic, contrast, or focus, independent of whether any additional elements can occur in the construction (e.g., adverbs). Avoid mass nouns as objects.
Background: This question addresses the freedom of word order.