Kurux

Overview

  • Area: Asia
  • Contributor of the data: Dubi Nanda Dhakal
  • Source of the data: elicitation from a native speaker (Bechan Uraun) also fluent in Nepali
  • Glottocode: nepa1253
  • Alternative designations: Uranw (ethnicity), Dhangar/Jhangar (derogatory) (Shackelford 2022: 33)
  • Classification: Dravidian, Northern Dravidian, Kurukh
  • Location: Inaruwa Municipality, Sunsari District, Koshi Province, Nepal
  • Number of speakers: 33.651 in Nepal in 2011, ca. 2 M in total in 2011 (Shackelford 2022: 3)
  • Dominant word order: transitive SOV, intransitive SV
  • Standardization: NA
  • Transcription/Transliteration: phonemic transcription based on IPA
  • Amount of data: long version, fully completed
  • Coding of data: Andreas Hölzl

Coding System

CodingMeaning
Examples(no marking)grammatical (in this context)
#unfelicitous in this context
?grammaticality unclear
*ungrammatical
Values0impossible, ungrammatical ("*" or "#")
1possible, grammatical
0.5grammaticality unclear ("?")
NDno data
NAnot applicable
Uunclear/uncertain classification
PreferencesPprimary/preferred choice (in this context)
Ssecondary choice (in this context)
ND (or left empty)no data
NAnot applicable

Data

QuestionQuestion-NameSubQuestionSubQuestion-NameParameterValuePreference

References

Author(s)TitleYearPublished in
Ahmad, Sayed, Amy Kim, Seung Kim & Mridul SangmaThe Kurux of Bangladesh: A sociolinguistic survey.2011The Kurux of Bangladesh: A sociolinguistic survey. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
Andronov, Mikhail S.Jazyk Malto.2008München: Lincom.
Das, A. Sisir KumarStructure of Malto.1973Tamilnadu, India: Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India: Annamalai University.
Gordon, KentClause patterns in Dhangar-Kurux.1973In Ronald L. Trail (ed.), Patterns in clause, sentence, and discourse in selected languages of India and Nepal, vol. 2, 37-122. Dallas, Texas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Gordon, KentPhonology of Dhangar-Kurux.1976Kathmandu: Summer Institute of Linguistics and Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies.
Grignard, A.A grammar of the Oraon language and study in Oraon idiom.1924Calcutta: A. Rome, Catholic Orphan Press. [available in the Staatsbibliothek Berlin, OLS Dc SA ind 702].
Hahn, FerdinandKurukh grammar.1911Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press.
Kobayashi, MasatoTexts and Grammar of Malto.2012Vizianagaram: Kotoba.
Kobayashi, MasatoViewing Proto-Dravidian from the Northeast.2020Journal of the American Oriental Society 140(2). 467-481.
Kobayashi, MasatoReconstruction of verb suffixes in Kurux and Malto.2021Indian Linguistics 81(3-4). 1-12.
Kobayashi, MasatoProto-Dravidian origins of the Kurux-Malto past stems.2022Bhasha: Journal of South Asian Linguistics 1(2) 263-282.
Kobayashi, MasatoOrigin of the -k past in Kurux and Malto.2022International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics 51(1) 1-25.
Kobayashi, Masato & Bablu TirkeyMalto basic words and sentences in comparison with Kurux.2006In Peri Bhaskararao (ed.), Research on minority languages of South and South-East Asia: Working Papers, 1-34. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
Kobayashi, Masato & Bablu TirkeyThe Kurux language: Grammar, texts, and lexicon.2017Leiden: Brill.
Kobayashi, Masato with Tasaku TsunodaKurux.2020In Tasaku Tsunoda (ed.), Mermaid construction, 605-649. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton.
Kolipakam, Vishnupriya, Fiona M. Jordan, Michael Dunn, Simon J. Greenhill, Remco Bouckaert, Russell D. Gray & Annemarie VerkerkA Bayesian phylogenetic study of the Dravidian language family.2018Royal Society Open Science 5(3). 171504.
Krishnamurti, BhadrirajuThe Dravidian languages.2003Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kujur, Anup K.Verb Morphology in Kisan.2015Language in India 15. 92-101.
Kujur, Anup K.Tense and aspect system in Kisan.2016Indian linguistics 77. 133-144.
Kujur, Anup K.Grammatical Mood in Kisan.2016Nepalese Linguistics 31. 39-43.
Mahapatra, B. P.Malto: An ethnosemantic study.1979Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Mishra, Awadesh KumarWord formation and language change in Kurux.1996Varanasi: Tara Book Agency.
Perumalsamy, P.Kisan.2002In B. P. Mahapatra et al. (ed.), Orissa, 497-516. Kolkata: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General.
Pfeiffer, MartinElements of Kurux Historical Phonology.1972Leiden: Brill.
Pinnow, Heinz-JürgenBemerkungen zur Phonetik und Phonemik des Kurukh.1964Indo-Iranian Journal 8. 32-59.
Puttaswamy, ChaithraStructure of verbs in Malto.2009Journal of South Asian Linguistics 2. 73-90.
Puttaswamy, ChaithraDescriptive analysis of verbs in Malto.2009University of London. (Doctoral dissertation)
Sapkota, SurenPersonal pronouns in Dhangar/Jhangar.2008Nepalese Linguistics 23. 343-354.
Shackelford, SarahThe Kurux (Uranw) language in Nepal and its relationship to Kurukh in India: A sociolinguistic study.2022Journal of Language Survey Reports 2022(006). 1-137.
Steever, Sanford B.Malto.1998In Sanford B. Steever (ed.), The Dravidian languages, 359-387. London: Routledge.
Uranw, Ram KisunVerb morphology in Uraun-Kuduk.2008Kathmandu: Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University. (Master’s thesis.) [unavailable]
Yadav, Yogendra P.A Study on the Dhangar Language.2001A report submitted to Endangered Languages Fund, USA. [special characters are not showing]